Overview
Bipolar disorder is a mental health condition that causes extreme mood swings including emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression). These mood swings can affect sleep, energy, activity, judgment, and ability to think clearly.
Types of Bipolar Disorder
- Bipolar I: Manic episodes lasting at least 7 days
- Bipolar II: Pattern of depressive and hypomanic episodes
- Cyclothymic Disorder: Periods of hypomanic and depressive symptoms lasting at least 2 years
Manic Episode Symptoms
- Abnormally upbeat or wired
- Increased activity, energy
- Exaggerated self-confidence
- Decreased need for sleep
- Unusual talkativeness
- Racing thoughts
Depressive Episode Symptoms
- Sad, empty, hopeless feelings
- Loss of interest in activities
- Significant weight loss or gain
- Insomnia or sleeping too much
- Fatigue or loss of energy
Treatment
Medications
- Mood stabilizers: Lithium (first-line), valproic acid, lamotrigine
- Antipsychotics: Abilify, Seroquel, Zyprexa - for mania
- Antidepressants: Used cautiously with mood stabilizers
Psychotherapy
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
- Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy
- Family-focused therapy