Overview
Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic autoimmune disease that causes inflammation in the joints, resulting in painful swelling, bone erosion, and joint deformity. Unlike osteoarthritis, RA affects the lining of joints.
Common Symptoms
- Tender, warm, swollen joints
- Joint stiffness (worse in mornings, lasting hours)
- Fatigue, fever, and loss of appetite
- Symmetrical pattern (same joints on both sides)
- Small joints affected first (hands, wrists, feet)
- Firm bumps under skin (rheumatoid nodules)
Diagnosis
- Blood tests: Rheumatoid factor (RF), Anti-CCP antibodies, ESR and CRP (inflammation markers), CBC (check for anemia)
- Imaging: X-rays, ultrasound, MRI to track joint damage
Treatment
Medications
- NSAIDs: Ibuprofen, Naproxen - reduce pain and inflammation
- Steroids: Prednisone - control inflammation short-term
- DMARDs: Methotrexate - slow disease progression
- Biologics: Humira, Enbrel - target immune system
Non-Drug Therapies
- Physical therapy to maintain joint function
- Occupational therapy for daily activities
- Regular exercise (low-impact like swimming)
- Heat/cold therapy