Overview
Osteoporosis is a bone disease that develops when bone mineral density decreases, leading to weakened bones and increased fracture risk. It is often called a silent disease because there are no symptoms until a fracture occurs.
Risk Factors
- Female gender
- Age over 50
- Family history
- Low calcium/vitamin D
- Sedentary lifestyle
- Smoking and alcohol
Diagnosis
DEXA scan measures bone mineral density. T-scores determine if you have normal bone density, osteopenia, or osteoporosis.Treatment
- Bisphosphonates (Fosamax, Boniva)
- Calcium and vitamin D supplements
- Weight-bearing exercise
- Denosumab (Prolia)
- Hormone therapy