Overview
Headaches are one of the most common health complaints, affecting nearly everyone at some point. While most are not serious, some require medical attention.
Types of Headaches
Primary Headaches
- Tension headaches: Most common; dull, aching pressure
- Migraines: Throbbing, often one-sided, with nausea/light sensitivity
- Cluster headaches: Severe, around one eye, in cycles
Secondary Headaches
- Sinus headaches
- Medication overuse (rebound) headaches
- Hormone-related (menstrual)
- Exertion headaches
- Caffeine withdrawal
Emergency Warning Signs
- "Thunderclap" worst headache of life
- Headache with fever and stiff neck
- After head injury
- With confusion or fainting
- Vision loss or severe eye pain
- Weakness or numbness on one side
When to Seek Medical Care
See a doctor if headaches:
- Occur more than 15 days per month
- Are severe or different from usual
- Do not improve with OTC medication
- Interfere with work or relationships
- Accompanied by neurological symptoms
Treatment Options
Over-the-Counter Medications
- Acetaminophen (Tylenol): Gentle on stomach
- Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin): Anti-inflammatory
- Naproxen (Aleve): Longer-lasting
- Aspirin: For adults only
- Excedrin (combo): For migraines
Prescription Medications
- Triptans: Imitrex, Maxalt for migraines
- Beta blockers: Propranolol for prevention
- Anti-seizure meds: Topamax for prevention
- Antidepressants: Amitriptyline for chronic headaches
- CGRP inhibitors: Newer migraine prevention
- Botox injections: For chronic migraines
Non-Drug Treatments
- Regular sleep schedule
- Stress management
- Biofeedback
- Acupuncture
- Massage therapy
- Identify and avoid triggers
- Stay hydrated