Overview
Erectile dysfunction (ED) is the inability to get or keep an erection firm enough for sexual intercourse. It is a common condition that affects men of all ages but becomes more prevalent with age. ED can be a sign of health problems that need treatment.
Symptoms
- Trouble getting an erection
- Trouble keeping an erection
- Reduced sexual desire
Causes
Male sexual arousal involves the brain, hormones, emotions, nerves, muscles, and blood vessels. ED can result from problems with any of these. Common causes include:Physical causes
- Heart disease
- High cholesterol
- High blood pressure
- Diabetes
- Obesity
- Metabolic syndrome
- Parkinson's disease
- Multiple sclerosis
- Certain prescription medications
- Tobacco use
- Alcoholism and substance abuse
- Sleep disorders
- Treatment for prostate cancer or enlarged prostate
- Injuries or surgeries affecting the pelvic area or spinal cord
Psychological causes
- Depression, anxiety, or other mental health conditions
- Stress
- Relationship problems
Diagnosis
Diagnosing ED involves:- Physical exam and medical history
- Blood tests (to check for diabetes, heart disease, testosterone levels)
- Urine tests
- Ultrasound (to check blood flow)
- Psychological exam
Treatment Options
Oral Medications
PDE5 inhibitors are commonly prescribed:- Sildenafil (Viagra)
- Tadalafil (Cialis)
- Vardenafil (Levitra)
- Avanafil (Stendra)
These medications enhance the effects of nitric oxide, increasing blood flow to the penis.
Other Treatments
- Penis pumps (vacuum erection devices)
- Penile injections
- Testosterone replacement (if low testosterone)
- Penile implants
- Psychological counseling
Prevention
- Manage chronic health conditions
- Regular exercise
- Healthy diet
- Quit smoking
- Limit or avoid alcohol
- Reduce stress
When to See a Doctor
Consult a doctor if:- You have concerns about your erections
- You have diabetes, heart disease, or other known health condition linked to ED
- You have other symptoms along with ED
Sources
Last Reviewed: April 2026