Overview
Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition that causes inflammation and narrowing of the airways, making breathing difficult. It affects people of all ages and can range from mild to severe.
Common Symptoms
- Shortness of breath
- Chest tightness or pain
- Wheezing when exhaling
- Coughing (especially at night, early morning, or with exercise)
- Difficulty sleeping due to breathing problems
Asthma Triggers
- Allergens (pollen, dust mites, pet dander, mold)
- Respiratory infections
- Cold air
- Exercise
- Stress and strong emotions
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
- Smoke and air pollution
Diagnosis
- Spirometry: Measures how much air you can exhale and how fast
- Peak flow: Measures how hard you can breathe out
- Chest X-ray: Rules out other conditions
- Allergy testing: Identifies triggers
Treatment Categories
Quick-Relief Medications
- Albuterol (ProAir, Ventolin): Fast-acting bronchodilator
- Used during asthma attacks
Long-Term Control Medications
- Inhaled corticosteroids: Flovent, Pulmicort - reduce inflammation
- Combination inhalers: Advair, Symbicort - steroid plus bronchodilator
Lifestyle Management
- Identify and avoid triggers
- Create an asthma action plan
- Monitor with peak flow meter
- Get annual flu vaccine